Prepositional Phrases
A prepositional phrase comprises a preposition and its noun phrase complement, assigning that complement some semantic role within the clause or verb phrase that the prepositional phrase modifies. In contrast to parenthetical expressions, prepositional phrases are always restrictive.
Prepositions are derived from corresponding verbs by clipping. For example, the preposition cɪcɪ ⟨cɪ⟩ — bymarks the complement as an agent marks its object as an agent and is derived from the verb cɪm, agent.
| Case | Gloss | Preposition | Verb |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subjective | sʙᴊ | ŋɪ | ŋiθ |
| Relational | ʀʟɴ | qə | qac |
| Agentive | ᴀ | cɪcɪ ⟨cɪ⟩ — bymarks the complement as an agent | cɪm |
| Causal | ᴄᴀᴜs | slə | slon |
| Causal-final | ғɪɴ | tcɪ | tceh |
| Conditional | ᴄᴏɴᴅ | xə | xoθ |
| Instrumental | ɪɴs | də | dan |
| Possessive | ᴘᴏs | mɪ | mep |
| Partitive | ᴘᴛᴠ | bə | bəl |
| Identical | ɪᴅᴇɴᴛ | kʊ | kuv |
| Semblative | sᴇᴍʙʟ | kɪ | kɪr |
| Comparative | ᴄᴏᴍᴘ | vɪ | vɪ |
| Locative | ʟᴏᴄ | lɪ | lif |
| Lative | ʟᴀᴛ | wɪ | wef |
| Ablative | ᴀʙʟ | xʊ | xʊn |
| Perlative | ᴘᴇʀ | zɪ | zij |